Which of the following best defines data triangulation?

• A. Using multiple data sources/methods to cross-check findings, enhancing validity and reliability.
• B. Relying on a single data source to maintain consistency.
• C. Using qualitative data only to support numerical results.
• D. Aggregating data from one method to simplify analysis.

Answer: (A)

Data triangulation means using more than one data source or method to examine the same issue and cross-check findings. The idea is that different sources or approaches have different biases and blind spots, so when they point to the same conclusions, confidence in the results increases. It can involve combining data from multiple sources (like surveys, interviews, or records) and/or applying more than one method (such as qualitative and quantitative) to study the same question. This cross-verification strengthens validity and reliability because conclusions aren’t dependent on a single source or method. If the findings diverge, triangulation helps you explore why and refine the interpretation rather than taking a single perspective at face value.